How to Read George Saunders “Lincoln in the Bardo”

The most effective method to Read George Saunders' â€Å"Lincoln in the Bardo† Lincoln in the Bardo, the novel by George Saunders, has gotten one of those books everybody is discussing. Itâ spent fourteen days on The New York Times hit list, and has been the subject of various hot takes, think pieces, and other scholarly articles. Very few presentation writers get this sort of hero worship and consideration. Not all introduction writers are George Saunders. Saunders has just made his notoriety for being an advanced ace of the short story-which clarifies his position of safety, even among devoted perusers. Short stories for the most part don’t get a lot of consideration except if your name is Hemingway or Stephen King-however the story has been having somewhat of a Moment as of late as Hollywood has found that you can put together whole element films with respect to shorter works, as they did with the Oscar-named Arrival (in light of the short Story of Your Life by Ted Chiang). Saunders is a brilliant author who joins a sharp insight and mind with sci-fi tropes and a sharp comprehension of how individuals live and think to create sudden, unordinary, and regularly exciting stories that go in headings nobody can profess to have anticipated. Before you surge off to purchase a duplicate of Lincoln in the Bardo, notwithstanding, an expression of caution: Saunders is profound stuff. You can’t-or if nothing else you shouldn’t-simply make a plunge. Saunders has made a novel that truly is not the same as some other that has preceded, and here are a couple of tips on the most proficient method to understand it. Peruse His Shorts This is a novel, it truly is, yet Saunders sharpened his specialty in the field of short stories, and it appears. Saunders splits his story in littler stories-the essential plot is that Abraham Lincoln’s child, Willie, has only kicked the bucket of fever in 1862 (which truly occurred). Willie’s soul is currently in the Bardo, a condition of being in the middle of death and what comes later. Grown-ups can stay in the Bardo uncertainly through sheer resolve, however on the off chance that youngsters don’t mix off rapidly they begin to endure horrendously. At the point when the President visits his child and supports his body, Willie chooses not to proceed onward and different phantoms in the memorial park conclude they should persuade him to go to his benefit. Each phantom gets the opportunity to recount stories, and Saunders further partitions the book into different scraps. Basically, perusing the novel resembles perusing many interconnected short stories-so bone up on Saunders’ short work. First of all, look at CivilWarLand in Bad Decline, which isn't at all what you think it is. Two others you can’t miss would be 400 Pound CEO (in a similar assortment) and The Semplica Girl Diaries, in his assortment Tenth of December. Don’t Panic A few people may be enticed to accept this is a lot for them-an excess of history, a lot of artistic slyness, such a large number of characters. Saunders doesn’t hold your hand, that’s valid, and the opening of the book is profound, rich, and very nitty gritty. In any case, don’t alarm Saunders realizes that what he’s done here may be overpowering to a few, and he’s organized the book with exchanging rushes of vitality highs and lows. Endure the initial hardly any dozen pages and you’ll begin to perceive how Saunders presents a second to slow down as he slides all through the principle account. Watch for the Fake News At the point when Saunders plunges out of the account, he presents the individual accounts of the phantoms just as looks at Lincoln’s life when his child passed on. While these scenes are presented all things considered, with the dry tone of chronicled certainty, they’re not all obvious; Saunders blends genuine occasions in with envisioned ones pretty uninhibitedly, and all of a sudden. So don’t expect that anything Saunders depicts in the book as a major aspect of history truly occurred. Overlook the Citations Those noteworthy bits are frequently offered with references, which serve to both polish that feeling of authenticity (in any event, for the envisioned minutes) and root the story in the genuine nineteenth century. Be that as it may, an inquisitive thing will occur in the event that you basically disregard the credits-the veracity of the scenes stops to issue, and the voice of history turns out to be simply one more apparition telling its story, which is a little psyche blowing in the event that you permit yourself to sit with it some time. Skirt the references and the book will be much additionally engaging, and somewhat simpler to peruse. George Saunders is a virtuoso, and Lincoln in the Bardo will no uncertainty stay one of those books that individuals need to discuss for a considerable length of time to come. The main inquiry is, will Saunders returned with another long-structure story, or will he return to short stories?

Global, political economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Worldwide, political economy - Essay Example The numerous a vehicle of modernisation, global tact and financial dynamism of nations sling a specific level of success that is felt around the world. Extent of Globalization The marvel of globalization influences society's financial matters and legislative issues. Its essential procedures incorporate the powers that oversee enhancements in innovation, progressions in transportation administrations, expanded business and pay openings, and durable intercontinental monetary participation (Jaffe, 2006). Most nations on the planet saw fast advancements in the zone of business in the previous hardly any decades. A worldwide town has been made to officially dispatch a road where nations can enter financial understandings. Globalization has been supposed to be at the cutting edge of these advanced occasions. Then again, a few pundits consider globalization as an illness as opposed to an answer (Kalb, et al., 2004). A great many people, including various world pioneers, regard it a sorted o ut system that associates networks far and wide to take an interest in a synchronized advancement process. Fundamentally, the entire extent of globalization spins around contemporary structures, for example, Information and Communication Technology, Trade Democratization, Free Market, and discretionary understandings that are transparently taken an interest in by all nations (Lawal, 2006). Work producing Activities Globalization stays one major forerunner for the exponential development of business openings among created and creating nations. Because of the growing buyer markets around the world, different ventures reacted to the call of ‘supply and demand.’ Countries with strong workforces enormously advantage from these exercises, while different countries strategise themselves to be at standard with their adversaries. Such a solid rivalry prompts the global network to create quality items and yields dependent on the work of their residents. Monetary writing maintains that joblessness rates are basically reliant on the household approaches of governments (Kollmeyer, 2009). This reality prompted political pioneers and financial investigators to seriously examine their monetary guidelines to superbly suit the ongoing patterns (Rama, 2003). For nations that figure smart choices on the most proficient method to support work rates for their kin, achievement is under control. While nations that settle on an inappropriate choices endure enormously (World Bank, 2009). Empiric information affirmed that globalization positively affects nations where human capital is better than expected. In some African nations, compensation are anticipated to increment for gifted specialists, particularly in the light of rising interest because of mechanical advances (World Bank, 2009). Expanded Income The connection among business and salary were noted by a few financial specialists (Lecaillon, 1984; International Labor Office, 2000). Ongoing examinations recommend that globalization is likewise a huge contributing component to the expansion of salary among laborers around the world (Mishkin, 2008). Despite the fact that there is a difference of salary dispersion among nations, the way that wages are exclusively founded on the aptitudes of laborers can't be made light of in the part of a globalized workforce. It was noticed that the talented enterprises and the propelled creation instruments of creating nations are probably going to strongly affect their upper hand (Sachs,

Blog Archive Whartons Team-Based Discussion Interviews What to Expect

Blog Archive Wharton’s Team-Based Discussion Interviews What to Expect The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania plans to send out interview invitations on February 11. Unlike most MBA programs, Wharton uses a team-based discussion format to evaluate MBA candidates. Understandably, Wharton applicants get  anxious about this atypical interview, because the approach creates a very different dynamic from what one usually encounters in a one-on-one meetingâ€"and with other applicants also in the room, one cannot help but feel less in control of the content and direction of the conversation. Yet despite the uncertainty, here are a few things that interviewees can expect: You will need to arrive at the interview with an ideaâ€"a response to a challenge that will be presented in your interview invitation. Having the best idea is much less important than how you interact with others in the group and communicate your thoughts. So while you should prepare an idea ahead of time, that is only part of what you will be evaluated on. Your peers will have prepared their ideas as well. Chances are that ideas will be raised that you know little or nothing about. Do not worry! The admissions committee members are not measuring your topical expertise. Instead, they want to see how you add to the collective output of the team. After the team-based discussion, you will have a short one-on-one session with someone representing Wharton’s admissions team. More than likely, you will be asked to reflect on how the team-based discussion went for you; this will require self-awareness on your part. We at mbaMission are getting ready for Round 2 interviews and created our Team-Based Discussion Simulation to give candidates the opportunity to undergo a realistic test run before experiencing the actual event. Via this simulation, applicants participate anonymously with three to five other candidates in an online conversation, which is moderated by two of our experienced Senior Consultants familiar with Wharton’s format and approach. All participants then receive feedback on their performance, with special focus on their interpersonal skills and communication abilities.  The simulation builds confidence by highlighting your role in a team, examining how you communicate your ideas toâ€"and withinâ€"a group of (equally talented) peers, and discovering how you react when you are thrown “in the deep end” and have to swim.  Our Wharton Team-Based Discussion Simulation allows you to test the experience so you will be ready for the real thing. To learn more or sign up, visit our  Wharton Team-Based Discussion Simulation page. Share ThisTweet mbaMission Events News University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

Sampling Case Study - 1737 Words

Sampling Case Studies Case Study 1 on Sampling Sampling Hispanic Adults by Telephone1 Problem: Researchers wanted to determine how aware adult Hispanics in the San Francisco area are of product warning messages and signs concerning cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, and other consumer products. The researchers needed to contact a sample of them to interview. A Solution: â€Å"Respondents were sampled using†¦random digit dialing. This procedure†¦avoids the use of directories with their inherent problem of the exclusion of unlisted numbers while guaranteeing equal probability of selection for all telephone numbers. Such an approach has been used in a number of telephone surveys with Hispanics and has been shown to be not only feasible but†¦show more content†¦Are you surprised by the â€Å"unquestioning attitudes toward name traditions†? Why or why not? 1 Source/ reference: Twenge, J.M. (1997). â€Å"Mrs. his name†: Women’s preferences for married names. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 417-429. Submit your opinion to the case study to this threaded discussion. Case Study 3 on Sampling Using Quota Sampling1 Problem: Professors with limited resources usually find it difficult to obtain adequate samples of the general adult population for their research. Instead, many study samples of college students, who are readily available, even though there is no reason to believe that samples of college students are representative of the national population of adults. (Of course, often professors are interested in the behavior of college students only, in which case, using college students is not a problem.) A Solution: â€Å"In order to reach a wide range of people, the data were collected using a purposive, quota design. Students enrolled in a research methods class†¦were given course credit for collecting the data for this study. These research assistants were†¦instructed to recruit adults (not college students) that they knew in six age and gender quotas (male and female: 18-34, 35-49, and 50 and older) to complete questionnaires. Because the students were given their assignmentShow MoreRelatedCase Studies : A Case Study Approach Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesA case study is a specific instance that is frequently designed to illustrate a more general principle (Nisbet and Watt, 1984). Hitchock and Hughes (1995) further suggest that the case study approach is particularly valuable when the researcher has little control over evens. Case studies strives to portray ‘what it like’ to be a particular situation, to catch up reality and ‘thick descriptionà ¢â‚¬â„¢ (Geertz, 1973) of participants’ lives experiences of, thoughts about and feelings for a situation. TheyRead MoreWhat Is Grounded Theory ( Glaser And Strauss )1661 Words   |  7 Pages1. Method We use a single case study methodology to focus on a failed IS project implementation. The study uses grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss 1967; c.f., Charmaz 2013; c.f., Corbin and Strauss 2015) in its focus on principles of emergence by which systematic generation and conceptualization of data provides meaning and relevance to concepts (Glaser and Strauss 1967). In accordance with the recommendations of engaged scholarship by Van de Ven (2007), the project began with the identificationRead MoreChapter Three . Research Methodology. 4.1 Case Study Protocol.1230 Words   |  5 PagesMethodology 4.1 Case Study Protocol Overview of the Study This case study is primarily aimed at determining the use of public relations in healthcare organization crisis management and the way health care organizations respond to the crisis. This was achieved through the facilitation of procedural data collection from the selected case across the various sources of data available as well as encouraging flexibility throughout the study. 4.2 Research Method The qualitative case study was embraced asRead MoreThe Impact Of Travel Agency Executives May Decide If They Need New Technology Into Business Models Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesthey want to survive in the industry. Role of the Researcher Researchers who perform qualitative case studies have many responsibilities. As a researcher, your roles should include: (1) collecting data, (2) defining methods of data collection, (3) analyzing data, and (4) presenting data results objectively and ethically (Swaratsingh, 2015). The criteria for assessing the quality of case-study research involves: credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability (Houghton, Casey, ShawRead MoreIncreasing Faculty Resistance And General Education Assessment1680 Words   |  7 Pagesthey may not understand the importance of, in their courses by individuals that they do not report to. The purpose of this study is to decrease faculty resistance to assessment through an engaged dialogue with the associated instructors. The design of this research is a case study at an unnamed, medium sized, public university in the south east. The anticipated outcome of the study will be a decrease in faculty resistance to assessment efforts in gener al education courses. Friedman Stone (2002) highlightRead MoreThe Use Of The Financial Investigation Method1695 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial investigation method to advance the process of fraud investigation. To achieve this aim, an exploratory case study was utilised to allow the researcher conducting an in-depth investigation. This case study is carried out by exploring several fraud cases that significantly used financial investigation method in the process of investigation. According to Yin (2003), case study approach is the most suitable instrument for investigating an object or phenomenon, as it emphasises the historicalRead MoreStatus of Qualitative Research in Early Childhood Education and Development (Eced)1733 Words   |  7 Pages2005-2010. The first two journals are published by Rutledge and the last one is published by Springer. The starting point for the literature review was library data base of IED, which permitted access to full text articles. Large no of qualitative studies were found in each journal however, for the present review, only 25 of them were selected on the basis of different research traditions within qualitative paradigm. 15 of them are reviewed for the present task and bibliography of the remaining articlesRead MorePublic Relations Between Healthcare Organization Crisis Management And The Way Health Care Organizations1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Study This case study is primarily aimed at determining the use of public relations in healthcare organization crisis management and the way health care organizations respond to the crisis. This was achieved through the facilitation of procedural data collection from the selected case across the various sources of data available as well as encouraging flexibility throughout the study. 4.2 Research Method The qualitative case study was embraced as the scientific approach. This study was foundRead MoreGreen Procurements And Managerial Decision Making1080 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment regulations have changed over time, and the investigation of how PSM have responded and adapted to these changes provides an exciting new research area (Schoenherr et al, 2011, Min, and Galle, 2001 ). Stating the aims and outline This study aims at exploring the extent to which the evolution of green procurement practices influences managerial decisions making. Research Questions: 1. What is the role of government regulations on green procurement influencing corporate decisions? 2. (a)Read MoreAnalysis On Risk Management By Contractors Who Work On Energy And Utility Construction Projects Essay1990 Words   |  8 PagesRESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Brief Case background The research takes a case study approach. The case study analysis dwelt on risk management by Contractors who work on energy and utility construction projects, including strategies and supporting structures for managing risks, complete with an analysis of how these strategies and structures are implemented and supported by the Contractors resources base. The researcher specifically chose utility contractors for this study as the Energy and Utilities sector

The Verificationist And Falsificationist Challenge Of...

the verificationist/falsificationist challenge to religious beliefs Religious language describes a way in which much of the writings, particularly that of the Christian Bible use a particular way or mode of language in order to present a message, teach certain doctrines, but most importantly for the prospective believer, and most troublesome for the philosopher or the scientist, metaphysical assertions. That is, claims about the truthful nature of reality. A problem, as it has been and continues to be, because religious beliefs are often presented with the challenge of meaning. The discussion has lead to four easily distinguishable positions over the spectrum from hardline verificationism to the more popular falsificationist series of†¦show more content†¦Rudolf Carnap and A.J. Ayer were the key proponents of this position, but were swiftly rejected by Alonzo Church and Richard Swinburne, who contested that with this standard for truth, no metaphysical statement could ever be probed true or false empirically religious or not, and that even i f a theory about reality is verifiable based on prior observations and validations, empirical evidence does only to reaffirm a belief about reality based on a structure of propositions verified in the same way - in this way, they can never be conclusively verifiable. Swinburne’s excellent criticism, that a statement only has to be intelligible to be meaningful, even if it is untrue. If someone intends to communicate something to another, the prime directive of language, as long as they agree upon the meanings of the terms and the context in which they are given structure, the statement is coherent and thereby has evoked meaning in that it can be responded to. As such, the verification-able requirement for meaningful statements has been abandoned. With a remaining desire for discrediting the meaningfulness of religious language, the falsificationist requirement came about, and is still held by many current thinkers. There is however some diversity amongst opinion which often gets separated into the equivocal, univocal and analogous ways in which Gods proposed attributes are interpreted. All of the solutions mentioned here, deal with a comparative descriptions of men and

The Battle For Women s Rights - 1926 Words

The battle for women’s rights has waged for a long time and continues even to this day. Although we have made significant progress in the advancement of women’s rights including being able to vote and work to support themselves, it was not always like this, and the farther back we go in history the more and more women were oppressed. In the old days it was quite uncommon for women to be anything other than a wife or nun. This is shown quite clearly in both Memoir of a Basque Lieutenant Nun: Transvestite in the New World and Candide. While not the main topic of either book, the authors offer insight on what life was like as a woman in Spain and France, respectively. Both authors disagree with women’s place in society and subtly criticize it throughout the text. In Memoir of a Basque Lieutenant Nun: Transvestite in the New World, Catalina De Erauso is born a woman and seems headed for the life of a nun living in a convent, however, she disagrees with this lifestyle and instead opts to cross dress, which is illegal at the time, and conceal her identity for most of her life to live as a man. In Candide, Voltaire writes about women getting raped, used as sex slaves, and having to try and marry into wealth to ensure a good life for themselves as they have little to no other options. Although set about a century apart, these two texts do not suggest a change in women’s status or role in society over time, in fact, they offer similar, but different, analysis on women’s rolesShow MoreRelatedThe Battle For Women s Equal Rights1040 Words   |  5 PagesBill of Rights were even completely formed, women were wanting the same rights as men. John Adams wife, Abigail, told him that she wanted womens rights in the amendments (Carr, 2015). The battle for women s equal rights heightened during 1848-1920 when women, lead mostly by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, wanted the right to vote (Woman’s Rights Movement, n.d.). When w omen finally got the right to vote, the whole women s movement went down, but never fully went away. In the 60’s the EqualRead MoreWomen s Suffrage : A Dark Imprint On The Historical Backdrop Of The United States893 Words   |  4 PagesWomen s Suffrage is a matter that can be within one s control, and without much of a stretch be viewed as a dark imprint on the historical backdrop of the United States. The events leading up to women s having the right to vote endeavors many turning points, however, the end isn t all so bad. In this particular piece of writing, I will examine many scenarios, accompanying noteworthy significant figures included in the women suffrage. The initially documented example in American history whereRead MoreThe On The Battlefield Of Equality1625 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature, music, and patriotism. Women in the 1920s overcame the battle of obtaining suffrage and the advancement of birth control; these challenges led to an embracing of new ideas in fashion, sexuality, and equality. To begin, suffrage for women in America began in the mid 1800s and ended in 1920, when women in America were finally granted with this well-deserved right to vote. In America, suffrage began in the western state of Wyoming in 1869, where women had a slightly more equal role in theRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1276 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Alice Walker s The Color Purple, an epistolary novel won The Pulitzer Prize and The American Award in 1983. The novel delineates the dreary condition of dark ladies in South Africa between the mid 1900 s and mid 1940 s through Celie, the hero of the novel and how she got freed through dark sisterhood . The focal variable behind Celie s freedom was the force of female holding or sisterhood. Woman s rights speaks to the imperative social, monetary, and stylishRead MoreThe Contributions Of Women In The American Civil War .1576 Words   |  7 PagesThe Contributions of Women in the American Civil War The Civil War was a divisive time in American history that tore the country in half for five long years (1861-1865). After the election of Abraham Lincoln, the southern states seceded from the north and formed the Confederate States of America because they saw their way of life being threatened. They wanted to fight for their right to have slaves and for states to have more power. The North (Union) fought because secession wasn t an option andRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the nurturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreThe Death Of The United States933 Words   |  4 Pageshungry. When news of the prison conditions and hunger strikes became publicized, Americans began demanding the release of these women. This sympathy for the imprisoned women brought an enormous amount of support to the cause of women’s suffrage. After their release, the suffragist used their experience and newly gained support to push forward in their endeavors to earn the right to vote. In 1917, in response to public outcry about the prison abuse of suffragists, President Wilson reversed his positionRead MoreEach Event I Choose In The Timeline Was Accordingly Chosen1326 Words   |  6 Pagesit s kind of hard to forget the Somme. I found this one wrapped around in my mind so tightly. The Somme was essentially a bloodbath war in world war 1. I find this one extremely significant as though many tried and failed and it was just a stalemate of blood Canadians came in and gained some land it was not enough to be as a victory but it was a very gruesome battle, all I could ever think about it was the amount of blood spiralling around everywhere during the battle. I feel like this battle wasRead MoreEssay on The Civil War: A Women’s Time to Shine1334 Words   |  6 PagesCitizen: a person with the rights and privilege to cast a vote for what or who he believes in. The key word here is â€Å"he†. The Civil War brought freedom and rights to African Americans, yet it had no directly positive effect on women’s rights. While African Americans were seeing their lives and futures change, to many observers the women’s rights movement seemed barely impacted by the astounding transformations of the Civil War. This idea is not completely accurate. Women did not accomplish much onRead MoreThe Struggle For Women s Rights850 Words   |  4 PagesWomen Suffrage Throughout history, battles and wars have been fought to gain some type of rights or freedoms. In 1775, the American Revolutionary War was fought for independence; In 1865, the American Civil War was fought to end slavery. Although no wars were fought, many battles were waged for women s rights. The struggle for women s rights begin in the mid-late 1800s at a time when women were not allowed to vote or own property. Women, as with African-Americans, during this period were not recognized

Doryphorus Of Polyclitus Essay Research Paper FA free essay sample

Doryphorus Of Polyclitus Essay, Research Paper FA 48 ART OF THE WESTERN WORLD ESSAY QUESTIONS 1 THROUGH 4Michael J. Wiggin 6/8/98Program One: Classical IDEALQuestion figure oneArchaic illustration: KOUROS c. 540 BC ( page 12 of text ) Classical illustration: THE DORYPHORUS OF POLYCLITUS c. 440 BC ( page 13 of text ) The antediluvian piece is stiff, formal and yet, faintly smiling, giving the spectator a sense of joy in life and of victory. These were modeled after Egyptian sculptures and followed an established canon. One pes in forepart of the other, weaponries at the sides, caput vertical and confronting frontward, the wide square shoulders, and in the stiffly symmetrical organisation. The piece represents sculpture based on standard cognition instead than an intense ocular analysis. The piece has the visual aspect of being a representation of a generic young person instead than stand foring a peculiar individual. The name of the creative person is non known. The classical piece shows that the creative person was now more conce rned with the ocular representation of the natural male signifier. We will write a custom essay sample on Doryphorus Of Polyclitus Essay Research Paper FA or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though still commemorating, as the kouroi had been, the sculptures reflected persons. Although they were less generalized, they were still controlled by an established canon of geometric order. The weight is shifted to one leg. The figure turns, caput jousts to one side, the weaponries are held off from the organic structure, and the symmetricalness of the antediluvian period is all but gone. The face is an look of badness, melancholy, and thought. The name of the creative person is known.Question figure two The construct and usage of the arch was non new to the Romans. Concrete was non new to the Romans. It was the Romans that put the two edifice stuffs together. Identify to this brotherhood was the find of adding of a volcanic sand called Potsolla ( ? ) . The add-on of this sand to the composing of the concrete slowed the hardening. The advantages of the slower drying mixture are increased strength, and the ability to formed into forms. Leting the builder to blend the full constru ction from underside to exceed. With this new and radical edifice stuff, the Romans were able to integrate the arch in ways that transformed the edifice of big constructions. This was to go known as domed architecture. The arch can back up more weight and span greater infinite than the Grecian station and lentil. With formed concrete the Romans could build, utilizing the basic arch, constructions such as barrel vaults, inguen vaults, and domes. Uniting these building techniques the consequence were the big structures we know today. The Pantheon? s topographic point in the history of Roman architecture is that it is the clearest statement of the rules through which Roman architecture enclosed infinite and created its ain interior existence. It was the largest vaulted construction for about 18 centuries. Dimensionally its tallness and diameter are equal at 142 ft. which implies that the infinite created is enveloping a domain. The accent was on the interior infinite of the edifice alt ernatively of the exterior signifier. It? s design can still be seen today. Take a trip to the Vanderbilt Museum and analyze the exterior construction of the Planetarium. Program two: THE WHITE GARMENT OF CHURCHESQuestion figure three The two cardinal grounds are pilgrims journey and monasticism.During the eleventh and 12th centuries the cult of saints came to be an of import religious force in western Europe. These resulted in 100s of 1000s of people doing pilgrims journeies to holy rel igious shrines. These churches were constructed to not only house the shrine, but also to accommodate the large number people that would visit. The more cherished the relic enclosed in these shrines the more people that would visit and make monetary donations. The monastic movement spurred the growth of large monasteries. These structures were the key to the self-contained, self-sufficient communities that cut themselves off from the outside world. The most successful of these monastic orders would receive large donations of land and money from the more affluent citizens as a way to guaranteed salvation.Question number four For the Romanesque churches the answer is yes. Builders of the Romanesque churches were faced with three major problems: obtaining adequate space and circulation; building solid, fireproof structures; and admitting the light of day to the interiors. The Romanesque style of construction satisfies these requirements. With their high vaulted ceilings and vast inter ior space they could accommodate the large crowds that would converge on the church. The vaulted construction allowed the use of fireproof stone enclosures instead of the roof made of timber. The high walls were broken up into galleries to handle the overflow of people and into windows. The primary function was to facilitate the viewing of holy relics. A classic example of the arrangement of the interior space is ST. SERNIN, Toulouse. The congregation enters though a porch at the open end of the vault. They are guided along a sacred way of arches, the nave, that leads to a distant and luminous choir and high alter where the holy relic is housed. To manage the traffic of the hundreds of noisy pilgrims, an ambulatory was formed around the high alter. The vaulted design also offers very good acoustics. Even the sculptures that adorn the exterior of the structure serve a purpose. The general population was still very illiterate and by using sculpture the church was able to convey its me ssage. For example the LAST JUDGEMENT at Saint-Lazare Cathedral. For the Gothic style the answer is also yes. By the end of the twelfth century Europe?s population had almost tripled. The church had moved from a destination for a pilgrimage to a focus of civic pride. The rituals of peoples lives now were focused in the church. In order to accommodate the larger congregations the churches had to built even larger than the Romanesque buildings. With the incorporation of the flying buttress, the buildings could now be wider and taller. With their slender support columns, divisions are played down. With their pointed arches and ribbed vaults, open space is even more pronounced. This new style allowed the thick heavy walls of the Romanesque church to be replaced with walls of beautifully decorated stained glass windows. A splendid example is the CHARTRES CATHEDRAL. The visionary for this dramatic change is Abbot Suger. He believed that the light now becomes a divine light, a revelation o f the spirit. The light creates a strange region, suspended between earth and the heavenly universe. The sculpture of the Gothic churches also usher in a new relationship between sculpture and architecture. The images, like the ones found at the west portal of the CHARTRES CATHEDRAL, although dictated by the architecture, are no longer remote. They now appear very human and convey the promise of salvation which is the embodiment of the twelfth century?s humanism.

Mimesis Plato and Aristotle Essay Example

Mimesis: Plato and Aristotle Essay The term ‘mimesis’ is loosely defined as ‘imitation’, and although an extensive paper could be written about the cogency of such a narrow definition, I will instead focus on Plato and Aristotle’s contrasting judgements of mimesis (imitation). I will spend one section discussing Plato’s ideas on mimesis and how they relate to his philosophy of reality and the forms. I will then spend a section examining Aristotle’s differing views on mimesis and how it relates to catharsis. During this deliberation I will prove that as with much of their philosophies, Plato and Aristotle disagree on the concept of mimesis. Plato saw mimesis as deceitful and dangerous; Aristotle saw it as cleansing and educational. In book X of The Republic, Plato uses Socrates and Glaucon as artifacts for contemplating the idea of mimesis. In the dialogue, Plato makes it apparent right from the beginning that he has negative predispositions on imitative poetry. Plato writes: â€Å" poetry not admitting at all any part of it that is imitative. For that the imitative must not be admitted looks even more manifest now that the soul’s forms have each been separated out All such things seem to maim the thought of those who hear them and do not as a remedy have the knowledge of how they really are. † This seems to suggest that under Plato’s perfect society, imitative poetry should not be allowed because it is tricking people into believing that these imitations are distracting people from the real truth, the truth that lies in the forms. We will write a custom essay sample on Mimesis: Plato and Aristotle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mimesis: Plato and Aristotle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mimesis: Plato and Aristotle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Plato places the forms at the highest level of his schema of reality and imitations (certain poetry and other artwork) at the bottom. He places human representations of the forms – such as the â€Å"couchmaker’s† fabrication of a couch – somewhere between the forms and imitative art forms. This couch is loosely based on the form of couch and according to Plato is more permissible than imitative art forms. Although the â€Å"couchmaker’s† fabrication of a couch is more truthful than a painter’s representation of the same couch, Plato still condemns it for being deceitful: â€Å" o that they look like they are; however, they surely are not the truth. † Plato feels that because of the rising popularity of imitative art forms within the city, and the skilful representations of craftsmen, people will be misled by the metaphorical mirror that reflects what is real. By deceiving people like this, Plato believes that this imitative poet ry will corrupt the souls of people and therefore should be banned from the city. Along with holding far less truth than the forms, imitative artwork also has negative moral and psychological implications, according to Plato. To accentuate this, Plato divides the soul into three different areas of importance. The base level – in which he calls ‘the appetite’ of the soul and allocates the least amount of importance to – is driven by urges and sins and is easy to deceive and manipulate. The second level, the will, is the power to control one’s own actions, but can also be influenced. The first and most important level is the intellect or reason; this level drives the other two parts of the soul and, when exercised and mastered, can distinguish truth from imitation. Plato claims that imitative art forms seem to target the base level (appetite) of the soul because it is the easiest to deceive and people give in to a sensationalist imitation rather than the truth. â€Å"The imitative poet produces a bad regime in the soul of each private man by making phantoms that are far removed from the truth and by gratifying the soul’s foolish part † Mimesis weakens the first and second levels of the soul by appealing to the base level’s pleasure-seeking ways. According to Plato, imitative art forms are representations of the forms; mere renderings of the truth. Imitative art forms deceive people into believing things that are not the truth. Imitative art forms harm the part of the soul that distinguishes truth from imitation. To harm this part of the soul is to harm truth and reason. The city is just and follows laws that reflect the truth. Therefore, imitative art forms such as most poetry should be banned from the city. * Plato says X, Aristotle says Y, Plato points to the heavens (forms, universals), Aristotle points to the ground (physical objects, particulars) [Raphael’s School of Athens]. Both philosophers disagreed often and it is no surprise that Aristotle’s thoughts on mimesis are an implicit repudiation of Plato’s thoughts on mimesis. In Aristotle’s Poetics he splits mimesis into three varieties: the media, the objects and the mode of mimesis. He does this to help build upon his argument that art and mimesis have importance to a society and actually have striking similarities to philosophy. The media of mimesis is explained as the dissimilarities in â€Å"rhythm, speech, and harmony† that authors and poets can use to get their respective messages across. Aristotle points out that many people – scientists and poets – who write in verse, can be called makers of mimesis and that each â€Å"maker† uses a different media of mimesis. â€Å" they think no doubt, that ‘makers’ is applied to poets not because they make mimesis, but as a general term meaning ‘verse-makers’, since they call ‘poets’ or ‘makers’ even those who publish a medical or scientific theory in verse. † Here Aristotle is attempting associate mimesis to more than the arts by referring to mimesis not simply as imitation, but as similar to making. He is placing a high importance on ‘verse-making’ by showing that a particular rhythm and speech pattern is the only difference between artists and scientists in regard to the way they present their respective works. The objects of mimesis, Aristotle claims â€Å"are people doing things, and these people must necessarily be either good or bad. † Aristotle goes on to say that within representations, people can be portrayed as good or bad (‘better’ or ‘worse’) by artists and we will be able to distinguish this property of goodness or badness through use of mediums such as tragedy and comedy. The mode of mimesis is a way of representing objects in the same media to which Aristotle believes can be done in three ways: â€Å" in narration and sometimes becoming someone else; or speaking in one’s own person without change, or with all the people engaged in the mimesis actually doing things. † These are simply parts of speech an author might use to get her message across about the object, showing it to be good or bad. Aristotle then begins to examine what he believes are the overall causes of poetry. Aristotle states that mimesis is innate in people, when we are born we mimic things and we learn through this mimicry. We understand things we wouldn’t otherwise enjoy seeing in person (re: example of the corpse). The picture of the corpse will â€Å"not produce its pleasure qua instance of mimesis, but because of its technical finish or colour or for some other such reason. † This is to say that we can appreciate the picture of the corpse not due to the fact that it is a corpse (we know it is not a real corpse) but because of the artistic style and or talent of the artist. Aristotle then lays out the foundation for a good tragedy that is to say a tragedy that emits emotion to the people watching or reading it. By invoking emotions through tragedy, people can learn something about themselves and their family and perhaps something even deeper. Aristotle claims that a good tragedy will produce catharsis onto the people watching it. Catharsis is a bi-divisional schema according to Aristotle; it can cleanse people of negative emotions through fear and sadness (dispelling your own fear by watching something scary), or educate or clarify something that one may be struggling with (showing us that road rage can lead to general rage). According to Aristotle, mimesis is innate in human nature and provides us with learning methods. Through tragedies, comedies, poetry and other imitative art forms, we can learn much about ourselves and the world. Learning and education are important to a society and help the development of young minds. Therefore mimesis is good and should be kept in society. * As with much of their respective philosophies, Plato and Aristotle disagree upon the notion of mimesis in their aesthetic approaches. Plato viewed mimesis as harmful to the best parts of the soul, and thought it tricked people into believing more fantastical things and ignoring the truth. Aristotle believed that mimesis – and the catharsis it created – fostered growth and prosperity. Works Cited Cooper E. David [Ed. ]. Aesthetics: The Classic Readings. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997. Print. Plato, The Republic, Book 10, pp 11-28, Aristotle, Poetics, pp 29-44. [ 1 ]. Cooper E. David [Ed. ]. Aesthetics: The Classic Readings. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997. *Plato. [ 2 ]. Ibid [ 3 ]. Ibid [ 4 ]. Cooper E. David [Ed. ]. Aesthetics: The Classic Readings. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1997. *Aristotle. [ 5 ]. Ibid [ 6 ]. Ibid [ 7 ]. Ibid [ 8 ]. Ibid

A Definition of Meristematic Tissue in Plant Biology

A Definition of Meristematic Tissue in Plant Biology In plant biology, the term meristematic tissue refers to the living tissues containing undifferentiated cells that are the building blocks of all specialized plant structures. The zone where these cells exist is known as the meristem. This zone contains the cells that actively divide and create specialized structures such as the cambium layer, the buds of leaves and flowers, and the tips of roots and shoots. In essence, the cells within the meristematic tissues are what allow a plant to increase its length and girth.   Meaning of the Term The term  meristem  was coined in  1858 by  Karl Wilhelm von Ngeli  (1817 to 1891) in a book called Contributions to Scientific Botany. The term is adapted from the Greek word  merizein, meaning to divide, a reference to the function of the cells in the meristematic tissue. Characteristics of Meristematic Plant Tissue The cells within the meristem have some unique characteristics: Cells within the meristematic tissues are self-renewing, so that each time they divide, one cell remains identical to the parent while the other can specialize and become part of another plant structure. The meristematic tissue is therefore self-sustaining.  While other plant tissues can be made of both living and dead cells, the meristematic cells are all living and contain a large ratio of dense liquid.When a plant is injured, it is the undifferentiated meristematic cells that are responsible for healing the wounds through the process of becoming specialized.   Types of Meristematic Tissue There are three types of meristematic tissues, categorized according to where they appear in the plant:  apical  (at the tips),  intercalary  (at the middle), and  lateral  (at the sides). The apical meristematic tissues are also known as primary meristematic tissues, because these are what form the main body of the plant, allowing for vertical growth of stems, shoots, and roots.  The primary meristem is what sends a plants shoots reaching for the sky and the roots burrowing into the soil.   Lateral meristems are known as secondary meristematic tissues because they are what is responsible for an increase in girth. The secondary meristematic tissue is what increases the diameter of tree trunks and branches, as well as the tissue that forms bark.   Intercalary meristems occur only in plants that are monocots, a group that includes the grasses and bamboos. Intercalary tissues located at the nodes of these plants allow the stems to regrow. It is intercalary tissue that causes grass leaves to grow back so quickly after being mowed or grazed.  Ã‚   Meristematic Tissue and Galls Galls are abnormal growths occurring on the leaves, twigs, or branches of trees and other plants. They usually occur when any one of about 1500 species of insects and mites interact with meristematic tissues.   Gall-making insects oviposit (lay their eggs) or  feed on the meristematic tissues of  host plants at critical moments.  A gall-making wasp, for example, may lay eggs in plant tissues just as leaves are opening or shoots are lengthening. By interacting with the plants meristematic tissue, the insect takes advantage of a period of active cell division to initiate the formation of a gall. The walls of the gall structure are very strong, providing protection for the larvae feeding on plant tissues within. Galls can also be caused by bacteria or viruses infecting the meristematic tissues.  Galls may be unsightly, even disfiguring, on stems and leaves of plants, but they rarely kill the plant.

Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Accounting - Assignment Example b) If we were to compare the 2013 Income Statement with the 2013 Statement, we would find that Helen Harris Handbags had a decline in profitability of  £69127. Various reasons can be outlined for this decline in profits. Some reasons can be identified through an Income Statement others may be issues affecting the business such as increase in competition, recession in the markets etc. However, looking at the Income statement alone, we can see a sharp increase in Marketing Expenses of the year 2013, as well as a slight fall in Total Sales. Other expenses have increased as well, but marginally. As total sales have fallen, inventory has gone up. The fall total Sales might be matter of concern for the business, especially since Marketing Expenses have increased. a) The Balance Sheet of a business is used to show the â€Å"net worth† of a company at a given point of time. (e-conomic(UK), 2014). It is particularly useful in monitoring the health of the company that is what the business owes and what it is owed. The Assets and Liabilities are the two main sections in a Balance Sheet and are always equal. The Balance Sheet is divided into two parts as mentioned above, and into various sub parts which include Fixed Assets, Working Capital, Current Assets, Equity or Shareholders Stake (which includes any profit/loss and drawings) b) In the case of Helen Harris Handbags, Inventory has increased, that has been the result of fall in Sales (discussed earlier). However, a matter of concern is a huge increase in Bank Overdrafts from 2012, in 2013. This tells us that business has increased its debts considerably since last year. There is an increase in the Debtors as well. a) The purpose of the Cash Flow Statement is to evaluate the cash inflows and outflows of a business during a financial period. (e-conomic(UK), 2014). The main avenues of Cash Inflows and Outflows can be described in

Terrorist Finance Tracking Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Terrorist Finance Tracking Program - Essay Example According to  Terrorist Finance Tracking Program: Fact Sheet  (2006),   The United States â€Å"Treasury department is uniquely positioned to track terrorist money flows and assist in the broader US Government effects to uncover terrorist cells and map terrorist networks here at home and around the world† (PP. 4). In order to ensure the success of this program utilizes SWIFT. According to  Legal Authorities Underlying the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program  (n.d. ). â€Å"SWIFT-a Belgium-based company with U.S. offices that operates a worldwide messaging system used to transmit bank transaction information- seeking information on suspected international terrorists† (PP. 6).The United States government uses subpoenas in order to view this information. Based upon the terms of the subpoenas the United States government is allowed to view this information only in regards to suspected terrorist investigations. The information obtained by SWIFT is legally obtained in accordance with The International Emergency Economic Powers Act. The International Emergency Economic Powers Act was established in 1977. The President only during a time of national emergency may put forth this act in order to investigate financial transfers by means of banks and other relevant financial transactions in reg ards to a foreign individual suspected of being associated or being a terrorist. In regards to the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks former United States president George W. Bush issued executive order 13224 declaring an international emergency as future terrorist attacks were suspected. Subpoenas issued are in compliance with the United States Constitution’s fourth amendment as investigations of potential terrorists and relevant documents to terrorism are obtainable through subpoenas issued by Congress. In addition neither The Foreign Intelligence

Developing a Database Management System Presentation

Developing a Database Management System Presentation I am Estelle Lemmer and would like to provide you with a business presentation outlining the process Klingon Systems has followed in developing a Database Management System for The Borg Collective. This presentation will explain what a Database Management System is, what a Relational Database is and why this is the best option for The Borg Collective. While explaining what queries, forms and reports are, it would be explained how these were applied and developed in creating the Database Management System as well as pointing out the benefits using these will hold for The Borg Collective. A Database management system (DBMS) is a computer program specifically developed to store and manage data. The database can be queried to provide specific data required and can produce forms and reports relational to that data (Baltzan, Lynch Fisher 2016). Specifically for the Borg Collective, we have developed a database management system to store all your information on customers, stock items, suppliers and orders. You would be able to run specific queries on your data to view only the needed information. You would also be able to produce invoices for each customer. When creating a relational database, information from different tables can be connected to each other. In a relational database you can have one record from one table connected to many records in another table. As seen on the slide, each of The Borg Collectives information tables has been linked by using primary keys (yellow key symbol) identified in each table (Beskeen et al. 2014). There are several reason for using a Database Management System: Easy update of information: It has been decided that a Database Management System is the appropriate tool for this project and I will outline the reasons why: In looking at the data of The Borg Collective it is obvious that it is too complex to only get handled in a spreadsheet. The Borg Collective has data for Customers, Suppliers, Items and Orders. A Spreadsheet is adequate for one of these lists of information as an isolated list, however The Borg Collective has several lists, with some of the data repeating and relationships between data in different columns between different lists. Having to make changes to data in different lists leaves room for error. When you use a database management system, data can be stored in one place, while being referenced in many different places as would be described later when discussing the different queries, forms and reports we have created for your business. Using a Database Management System, if a customers details changes it only needs to be done once and would automatically update in for instance, the customers invoice, which references it (Manning 2015). Flexibility: Different users can access data in whichever way suits them. Be it a report or a form etc. Information can be queried from the database and looked at using any number of logical views or if they so prefer the physical view can be used right where the data is stored. Scalability: The Borg Collective is only going to grow and a Database would be the only system able to adequately manage a large volume of information. Redundancy: By using a Database Management System, information only needs to be recorded in one place, reducing information redundancy and increasing information reliability. Information integrity: By using combo boxes, the DBMS has been developed to restrict the types and format of data that could be entered and therefor contributing to the integrity of the data (Baltzan, Lynch Fisher 2016). There are several reasons for using a Relational Database: Minimize Duplicate Data: Having to make changes to data in different lists leaves room for error. Using a relational database, data can be updated once across multiple tables. Because we have set this up as a relational database, when for example one supplier ceases trading and gets deleted from one table, corresponding deletions will be prompted and occur in other tables, avoiding data inconsistencies. You wouldve probably found that lots of time is spent entering the same data into different spreadsheets. Using a relational database would considerably cut down on the amount of data entry and therefor also reduce room for error (Manning 2015). Faster data entry: Setting up a relational database we were able to provide you with forms which makes data entry faster and easier than using a spreadsheet Options for viewing and sorting: Using a relational database, you can view the data by querying it out into forms or reports, which can be saved to use over and over. Security: If you should choose to, this database can be encrypted and password protected. Several users: As your business grows, you might want to be able to have more than one user working in the database. This would be possible using the Relational Database Klingon has set-up for The Borg Collective (Beskeen et al. 2014). A database query is a way to get particular information out into a logical view. This way you would not need to scroll through long lists of data in different columns and different tables. The query gets only the required information out and displays it for your convenience in a new table (Beskeen et al. 2014). Five queries have been created for The Borg Collective. These queries can be run to display the information required as follows. The query labelled Vinyl figures will display the Customers names and item details of only items ordered in the month of April, weighing less than 1 Kg and which is still unfulfilled. The query would also show the order quantity. This query has been set-up so that you can see how many Star Trek Vinyl Figures orders were ordered for Mothers Day but were unfulfilled due to the items being out of stock. The query labelled Broad Category could be used to see how many customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, have purchased items belonging to a broad category from a specific Supplier. When running this query, a Supplier name will need to be entered, after which the following information would be displayed in a table: The Customers names, addresses, Item type, item description, dispatch Date and order quantity for all items belonging to a broad category and only for Customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The query labelled Cost Increase has been created to update the cost Price from Luxembourgh of all items that are currently on order and not in stock by 5.50% as a new Australian import duty has been added for all products being imported from theÂÂ   European Union The query labelled Late Dispatched have been created to be used when requiring a form to see the Queensland customers who have ordered items before the 1st of June, which is in stock, but was dispatched after 10 June. The query could also show information for customers from New South Wales whose orders are in stock and have been dispatched after 20 June but was ordered before the 10th of June. The query labelled Invoice Calculated can be used to see the details of customers living in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, whos ordered a product associated with The Big Bang Theory in May. As this query would be used to produce invoices, it has also been created to calculate the selling price and order totals. Vinyl figures will display the Customers names and item details of only iKlingon has created two forms which you could use. A database form can be filled out on-screen and is an easy way to enter and edit data and navigate between records (Beskeen et al. 2014). The Late Orders Form will display order details stored in the Database Management System. It would also display the customers age in whole years and show a calculated dispatch delay in whole days. The Supplier Items Form will allow you to view the supplier records individually. It also has a sub-form for viewing item details of items sold by that Supplier. A report is the best way to print data from your database. It provides many formatting, layout and summary options. It is possible to apply different fonts and colours and add images (Beskeen et al. 2014). Klingon has used this option to create your invoices, which displays The Borg Collectives logo as well as payment details, current date, order details and order total. This presentation has outlined the process which was taken to develop a Database Management System for the Borg Collective. Detailed explanations have been given on what a Database Management System is, what a Relational Database is and specifically why this was the best option for The Borg Collective. Queries, Forms and Reports have been defined as well as described why they were developed for The Borg Collective and what their purposes and benefits will be in the business. It is the sincere hope of myself, representing Klingon Systems, that the Database created would be of great benefit to The Borg Collective and that it would streamline processes, while aiding your business processes to run more efficiently. tems ordered in the month of April, weighing less than 1 Kg and which is still unfulfilled. The query would also show the order quantity. This query has been set-up so that you can see how many Star Trek Vinyl Figures orders were ordered for Mothers Day but were unfulfilled due to the items being out of stock. The query labelled Broad Category could be used to see how many customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia, have purchased items belonging to a broad category from a specific Supplier. When running this query, a Supplier name will need to be entered, after which the following information would be displayed in a table: The Customers names, addresses, Item type, item description, dispatch Date and order quantity for all items belonging to a broad category and only for Customers living in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The query labelled Cost Increase has been created to update the cost Price from Luxembourgh of all items that are currently on order and not in stock by 5.50% as a new Australian import duty has been added for all products being imported from theÂÂ   European Union The query labelled Late Dispatched have been created to be used when requiring a form to see the Queensland customers who have ordered items before the 1st of June, which is in stock, but was dispatched after 10 June. The query could also show information for customers from New South Wales whose orders are in stock and have been dispatched after 20 June but was ordered before the 10th of June. The query labelled Invoice Calculated can be used to see the details of customers living in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria, whos ordered a product associated with The Big Bang Theory in May. As this query would be used to produce invoices, it has also been created to calculate the selling price and order totals.

John Grisham :: essays research papers

Dear Yearbook committee, I received your invitation to the class reunion of the UM graduating class of 1981. I am overjoyed to see you all again, and I also accept your invitation to speak at the opening ceremony. As per your request of an autobiography, I wrote a short synopsis of what I feel has affected my writing the most. Hopefully, this will fit in well enough with your scheme for the reunion book. I hope you enjoy. Each one of us has a different road to take, and what we do before and after we make our decisions determine whom we are. So, I hope that I can assist you in assessing me and my writings through this paper, and, thus, I can help you see not only me, John Grisham the writer, but also me, John Grisham the man. I was borne in Jonesboro, Arkansas on February 8th, 1955 (www.randomhouse.com/features/grisham/). My family was relatively large, and, unfortunately for us, we were rather poor, but we were never really knowledgeable about it. We were always happy, bouncing, and hyper children. We wouldn’t stay in one town for a large amount of time. We would go to multiple towns for my father, who was in search of a stable carpentry job. At each stop, we would set our valuables down wherever we may be staying and then my mother would take us to the local library. We’d each get our own library card and 3 or 4 books (Pringle 1). Our education came before everything else in my parents’ eyes. Ultimately, we settled in a little town in Mississippi. I didn’t really care for writing very much, but my real passion was baseball. Education didn’t really rank high on my list, despite my parents best efforts. One of my language arts teachers later said that she saw promise in me but I didn’t want to develop it. I would occasionally read classic authors. My personal favorite was John Steinbeck. After high school, I then went to Mississippi State and attempted to become a professional baseball player. After I realized that I didn’t have what it took to make it in professional baseball got a degree in accounting (Jebb 1). I then married my sweetheart Renee Jones from my hometown in Southaven, Mississippi. We had two children who are now 20(Ty) and 18(Shea) and bought a wonderful house on the outskirts of Southaven. John Grisham :: essays research papers Dear Yearbook committee, I received your invitation to the class reunion of the UM graduating class of 1981. I am overjoyed to see you all again, and I also accept your invitation to speak at the opening ceremony. As per your request of an autobiography, I wrote a short synopsis of what I feel has affected my writing the most. Hopefully, this will fit in well enough with your scheme for the reunion book. I hope you enjoy. Each one of us has a different road to take, and what we do before and after we make our decisions determine whom we are. So, I hope that I can assist you in assessing me and my writings through this paper, and, thus, I can help you see not only me, John Grisham the writer, but also me, John Grisham the man. I was borne in Jonesboro, Arkansas on February 8th, 1955 (www.randomhouse.com/features/grisham/). My family was relatively large, and, unfortunately for us, we were rather poor, but we were never really knowledgeable about it. We were always happy, bouncing, and hyper children. We wouldn’t stay in one town for a large amount of time. We would go to multiple towns for my father, who was in search of a stable carpentry job. At each stop, we would set our valuables down wherever we may be staying and then my mother would take us to the local library. We’d each get our own library card and 3 or 4 books (Pringle 1). Our education came before everything else in my parents’ eyes. Ultimately, we settled in a little town in Mississippi. I didn’t really care for writing very much, but my real passion was baseball. Education didn’t really rank high on my list, despite my parents best efforts. One of my language arts teachers later said that she saw promise in me but I didn’t want to develop it. I would occasionally read classic authors. My personal favorite was John Steinbeck. After high school, I then went to Mississippi State and attempted to become a professional baseball player. After I realized that I didn’t have what it took to make it in professional baseball got a degree in accounting (Jebb 1). I then married my sweetheart Renee Jones from my hometown in Southaven, Mississippi. We had two children who are now 20(Ty) and 18(Shea) and bought a wonderful house on the outskirts of Southaven.

Students Motivation And Its Relationship With Academic Performance Education Essay

In this papers it was traveling to discourse the helpful factors on motive for better academic public presentation. The motive of pupils is one of the of import issues in higher instruction, peculiarly owing to importance of academic public presentation in their professional life and besides it focused on placing the factors that will assist educational minds to cognize pupils ‘ attitudes towards acquisition, what hinders and what facilitates larning in the procedure of larning. This will help instruction community to foretell pupil academic public presentation and placing the pupils before their classs begin to fall ( Kamauru, 2000 ) . Lumsden ( 1994 ) has investigated which passion to larn seems to shrivel as kids grow. Learning sometimes becomes irresistible impulse than felicity, that ‘s why big figure of pupils foliages instruction before graduation. Due to unpleasant attitude of pupils towards instruction really few are really mentally present in the schoolroom. Student motive is the component that leads pupils ‘ attitude towards larning procedure. Number of surveies has been conducted to examine the function of pupil motive toward academic public presentation and different definitions of pupils ‘ motive have been used by assorted researches. Student motive is frequently separated into two types: Intrinsic motive and extrinsic motive. Intrinsic motive: A pupil is per se motivated when he/she is motivated from surrounded by: Intrinsically motivated pupils enthusiastically engage themselves in larning out of distinctive feature, attending, felicity or in order to accomplish their ain scholarly and personal purposes. Therefore pupils with intrinsic motive are more enthusiastic, self driven, disputing and experience pleasance in their surveies and pupils with extrinsic motive attempt to drag themselves with academic coursework, experience compelled to larn, and ever put minimal attempts to achieve maximal grasps. Intrinsically motivated, pupils tend to utilize schemes that require more attempt and that allow them to treat information more strongly. In intrinsic and extrinsic motive we have found the undermentioned beginnings of motive which has besides been confirmed by the pupils during informations aggregation. And besides each of these points has defined in following tabular array which has been used in design a questionnaire for intrinsic and extrinsic factors.At this clip, I am traveling to speak about research methodological analysis:2. Research Methodology:2.1 SampleThe sample involved of 342 university pupils of dissimilar plans in assorted universities of Islamabad and Lahore, Pakistan. The pupils were asked about how motivated they are about their university experience and what truly motivated them to analyze. The questionnaire was distributed among both female and male pupils. It involved 82 % male and 18 % female pupils in the study with an mean age of 20 old ages. The undermentioned proficient card contains the concise information sing research methodological analysis: aˆ? Purpose of survey Exploration aˆ? Types of probe Correlations aˆ? Extent of research workers interference Minimal aˆ? Study puting Non-contrived aˆ? Measurement Scaling aˆ? Unit of scrutiny Persons aˆ? Sampling design Simple random trying aˆ? Sample size N = 250 aˆ? Time skyline one shooting aˆ? Data aggregation method Questionnaire aˆ? Data analysis of Discrepancy The above given self descriptive table describes different parts of research methodological analysis in brief. For statistical purpose analysis of discrepancy has been conducted utilizing SPSS 17 version.2.2 Instrumentation and Measurement:The above mentioned self-explanatory tabular array contains the key of the points mentioned in the study questionnaire. This shows that each beginning in given due consideration in the study and points were assorted in the study sing the beginning of pupil motive.2.3 Procedure:The questionnaires were distributed indiscriminately among the pupils of different plans of different semesters and their responses were collected. Data was analyzed utilizing SPSS for Windows ( version 17.0 ) for precise analysis and consequences. Analysis included arrested development analysis, and analysis of discrepancy ( ANOVA ) .3. Consequence:The undermentioned study begins with the consequences of the respondents ‘ information on sections like linguistic communications and Gender. This survey, conducted on the pupil motive and its Impact on pupil public presentation, shown that 82.4 % respondents are male while 17.6 % female, who participated in this survey. Female section of the sample is moderately undistinguished in the survey. This survey reveals per centums of linguistic communications: of these, 34.5 % respon dents belong to Punjabi linguistic communication, 8.6 % respondents belong to Sindhi linguistic communication, 10.8 % respondents belong to Pashto linguistic communication, 6.5 % respondents belong to Saraiki linguistic communication, 33.5 % respondents belong to Urdu linguistic communication, 0.7 % respondents belong to Hindco linguistic communication and 5.4 % respondents belong to Baluchi linguistic communication. Different linguistic communications are spoken in assorted parts of the state. However, in one university pupils come from different parts of the state and talk different linguistic communications. Four major provincial linguistic communications and three other linguistic communications, normally spoken in some of the states, were besides included in the survey. Languages reflect cultural values of their ain states. Now we have a clear image of the respondents ‘ replies sing pupil motive and pupil public presentation.4. Discussion:Rejection of alternate options, c alling and makings and societal force per unit area instil the academic public presentation. In the same manner, intrinsic motive achieved through regard of selflessness, and self-exploration. This survey investigates student motive and its impact on pupil academic public presentation. Student public presentation will increase between 23 per centum and 34 per centum due to extrinsic and intrinsic motive. T-value of both tabular arraies shows relevant Importance of elements of extrinsic and intrinsic motive for academic public presentation. On the whole, theoretical account is Significant. This survey reveals R-square is 80 per centum which show strong relationship of pupils ‘ motive with their Performance. Academics public presentation will increase 34 per centum due to extrinsic motive where as faculty members Performance will increase 23 per centum due to intrinsic motive. Every pupil has diversified experience of cognition, abilities, endowments and aspirations and come from different Social, regional and political backgrounds that may impact their motive to larn. Some pupil holding great measure of accomplishment due to outdo schooling and other are frailty versa. However, pupil motive is a requirement of academic public presentation ( Masitsa, 2008 ) . Helpful acquisition in the schoolroom depends on the instructor ‘s capableness that creates involvement related to capable affair. Student public presentation depends upon the forces which are impacting during the surveies ( Erickson, 1978 ) . There is no extrasensory expression for accessing accurate degree of pupils ‘ Motivation other so extrinsic motive and intrinsic motive questionnaire.5. Decision and Recommendations:The survey examined the influence of pupil motive on academic public presentation. The survey found positive and reciprocally causal relationship between pupil ‘s m otive and pupil ‘s academic public presentation. This relationship is common, pregnant pupils who are more motivated do better and pupil who perform better go more motivated. In this survey, R-square is 80 per centum ; this shows really strong relationship of pupils ‘ motive with faculty members public presentation. T-value besides shows relevant significance of pupils ‘ motive toward the pupil faculty members public presentation. Extrinsic and intrinsic motives increase their academic public presentation between scopes of 23 per centum and 34 per centum. When we checked on single component of extrinsic motive and intrinsic motive, we found that Academics public presentation will increase 17 per centum due to rejection alternate option. Academics public presentation will heighten 9 per centum due to occupation making. Academicians public presentation will set in to 7 per centum because of societal pleasance. Academics public presentation will increase 4 per centum due to common force per unit area. Academics public presentation will increase 10 per centum due to self geographic expedition. Academics public presentation will increase 12 per centum due to selflessness. Blank ( 1997 ) ; Dev ( 1997 ) ; Kushman ( 2000 ) and Woods ( 1995 ) besides associated high motive and committedness in larning as consisted nexus to cut down dropout rates and addition degrees of pupil public presentation. From these findings we conclude that pupils who are per se motivated perform much better academically than pupils who are extrinsically motivated. Extrinsically motivated pupils might make a good occupation or execute good to accomplish a certain wages, but it does non maintain them motivated for long-run and overall public presentation does non alter or is consistent. They might transport out really good in one semester or quiz to accomplish a certain wages or end and so following semester might demo hapless public presentation because the wages did non be any longer. Their public presentation does non stay changeless as a consequence. Students ‘ who are per se motivated take up undertakings or execute good academically for their ain involvement and for their ain acquisition. These sorts of pupils are genuinely interested in larning and in accomplishing high ends. This shows in their overall consistent public presentation. From these consequences and Analysis, this survey concludes that academic public presentation is positively influenced by intrinsic motive and negatively affected by extrinsic motive. Additional research is required to turn to the inquiry that ‘How pupils ‘ intrinsic motive can be increased? ‘Critique In respect to research methodological analysis:At the first I guess it ‘s better to depict the motive which it did n't bespeak clearly and besides denominate different type of public presentation in this instance academic acquisition and larn how to measure the motive while it did n't bespeak in original paper base of literature reappraisal:Motivation:It is incentive, enthusiasm, or involvement that causes a specific action or certain behavior. There are two chief sorts of motive: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motive is internal. It occurs when people are compelled to make something out of enjoyment, significance, or desire. Extrinsic motive occurs when exte rnal factors compel the individual to make something. A common topographic point that we see the demand to use motive is in the work topographic point. In the work force, we can see motivation play a cardinal function in leading and direction success. A individual unable to hold on motive and use it will non go or remain a leader. It is important that anyone seeking to take or actuate understand â€Å" How allow to Hierarchy of Work Motivators. † What all procedure theories have in common is an accent on the cognitive procedures in finding his or her degree of motive. Equity theory assumes that one of import cognitive procedure involves people looking about and detecting what attempt other people are seting into their work and what wagess follow them. This societal comparing procedure is driven by our concern for justness and equity. Research by Adams ( 1965 ) and others confirms equity theory as one of the most utile models for understanding work motive. The motivational force of a occupation can so be calculated if the anticipation, instrumentality and are known. The person ‘s abilities, characters, function perceptual experiences and chances cut down the motivational force. In this undertaking merely focal point is on motive and wanted to cognize about the relationship between academic public presentation and motive and merely speak about Extrinsic and Intrinsic factor while the other go-between and moderator factor possibly wholly lay waste to the relationship between the even those pupil although have a intrinsic motive as in this paper in consequence portion you see as a important factor but due to such a factor it ca n't travel good and do n't alter the public presentation as it was expected. I merely want to reexamine some of these articles about the other factors that can be helpful. In cognitive-motivational procedure theoretical account ( Vollmeyer, R. & A ; Rheinberg, F. ( 1998 ) . Motivationally EinfluA?sse auf Erwerb and Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System. [ Motivational influences on the acquisition and application of cognition in a fake system. ] Zeitschrift fuA?r PaA?dagogische Psychologie, 12, 11-23. ) Motivational factors imagine that have an consequence on public presentation via go-betweens. Such a possible go-between is continuity. Besides in this paper the research worker did research on 51 pupils learnt a complex moral force system. They measured their initial motive ( mastery assurance, incompetency fright, involvement and challenge ) , so a set of interceding variables during larning. Performance steps were knowledge acquisition and cognition application. In this paper it was shown a path-analysis showed that initial motive influenced continuity and it have direct consequence on public presentation and should take in consideration that sometimes extremely relentless scholars did non hold higher average concluding public presentation, despite geting more cognition over tests. So public presentation is one of the possible go-between that in ( Regina Vollmeyer * , Falko Rheinberg ( 2000 ) this paper it has discussed. Besides in another survey we can see that ( Bandura, 1991 ) combines motive and knowledge into a cognitive-motivational position. He defined motive as a â€Å" multidimensional phenomenon indexed in footings of choice of chases from viing options, strength of attempt, and continuity of effort † ( p. 158 ) . For larning this means that motive non merely affects what people learn, but besides the strength and the continuance of the acquisition activities. So as you can see in this survey although motive has considered as a multidimensional phenomenon, but the indexes is non harmonizing to this paper. In another survey, ( Rheinberg, 1997, p. 14 ) defined motive as something that â€Å" provides an drift towards a end for all current procedures † . In making so, motive influences the manner people learn. Vollmeyer and Rheinberg ( 1998 ) proposed a cognitive-motivational procedure theoretical account. The interaction between motive and knowledge is described in more item by Schiefele and Rheinberg ( 1997 ) . They argued that motive can impact three facets of acquisition: ( 1 ) Continuity and frequence of larning activities. ( 2 ) Manner of performed learning activities. ( 3 ) Motivational and functional provinces of the scholar during larning. These three facets define the model, within which we looked for variables that may intercede the consequence initial motive has on public presentation. Besides different type of acquisition is one of the issues that did n't bespeak in the chief paper but in Schiefele and Rheinberg ( 1997 ) has wholly indicated. In corroborating the relationship between motive and public presentation but in different type in work topographic point we can see: The motivational theoretical account holds that more chances to take part in determination devising supply subsidiaries with greater intrinsic wagess from work ( Conger & A ; Kanungo, 1988 ; Thomas & A ; Velthouse, 1990 ) and higher degrees of psychological authorization ( Spreitzer, 1995 ) , which may ensue in improved work public presentation. In add-on to, the other go-between factor between motive and public presentation as a consequence of a meta-analysis conducted by Eby, Freeman, Rush, and Lance ( 1999 ) revealed that intrinsic motive mediates the nexus between the participative direction behavior of supervisors and the organisational committedness of employees and their work public presentation.( XU HUANG1, ET al.2010 )Furthermore there is some other documents that confirm the some other factors for increasing the motive For case Lumsden, ( 1994 ) analyzed pupils ‘involvement towards instruction and beginnings of their motive. Marshal ( 1987 ) viewed pupils ‘ motive as a force beneficial to the scholar. Ames ( 1990 ) stated that motive to acquisition is dependent on long-run, choice fond regard in acquisition and pledge to the procedure of larning. Most motive philosopher believes that motive is involved in the public presentation of all learned responses and leaned behaviors will non happen unless it is energized.Bomia et Al. ( 1997 ) has suggested pupil motive as pupil acuteness, demand, desire and duty to take part and be dining in the acquisition procedure.Some other Critical Theory in Motivation and public presentation:Consequence of content theories of motive:There are some other theories in motive and academic public presentation which is more related to organisational behavior such as Maslow and ERG theory that in this portion we want to lucubrate more in footings of different demands of employee to acquire satisfy and increase their academic public presentation. Sing that we can see in order to actuate pupil in instance of maximise their academic public presentation to achieve higher scaling we need to run into their basic demands at first due to Maslow and Alderfer ERG theories which belong to content theories of motive as it is illustrated above.Pygmalion consequence on motive and public presentation:It is deserving adverting that pupil public presentation increases merely if we can actuate them. Besides another factor should be highlighted in this respect and that is theory of carry throughing prognosis. This theory negotiations about Pygmalion consequence. The Pygmalion effect enables pupil to stand out in response to the parent and their lector ‘s message that they are capable of success and expected to win. The Pygmalion consequence can besides sabotage pupil public presentation when the elusive communicating from the director tells them the converse. Supposing if a pupil is amateurish, he leaves cicatrixs on the callings, cuts deeply into their self-esteem and distorts their image of himself/herself as human being. But if he/she is adept and has high outlooks of his/her subsidiaries, their confidence will turn, their capablenesss will develop and their efficiency will be high. If the lector really believes that every pupil has the ability to do a positive part at his/her surveies, the telegraphing of that message, either consciously or automatically, will positively hold an consequence on academic public presentation.In respect to discussion portion:While in the treatment portion all the alternate except the intrinsic factors reject we review the literature about Motivational factors and academic acquisition: When a scholar approaches a acquisition undertaking, the literature suggests that several motivational factors are relevant and can be measured: ( Regina Vollmeyer * , Falko Rheinberg, 2000 ) . 1. Learners can change in their certainty that they will win in understanding the undertaking. This factor we will name command assurance ( similar constructs have been proposed: e.g. , subjective chance of success and self-efficacy ( Bandura, 1977 ) . 2. Learners can differ in their anxiousness about neglecting in the undertaking. This factor we will name incompetency fright ( a similar construct is Atkinson ‘s fright of failure, nevertheless, for him this construct is measured as a trait whereas we assess a individual ‘s existent province ) ; ( Regina Vollmeyer * , Falko Rheinberg, 2000 ) . 3. Learners may change in the grade to which they perceive this undertaking as a challenge. Perceiving the undertaking as a challenge requires a personal accomplishment criterion for this undertaking against which to prove undertaking public presentation. 4. The undertaking may or may non arouse the scholar ‘s involvement. All these motivational factors are said to impact acquisition ; nevertheless, it has non been clearly shown how. In conformity with our cognitive-motivational procedure theoretical account ( Vollmeyer & A ; Rheinberg, 1998 ) , we investigated the premise that these four motivational factors influence larning via the undermentioned three go-betweens: The motivational province during acquisition, The systematicity of scholars ‘ schemes The figure of larning rounds the scholars intentionally chooses to pass bettering their cognition ( continuity ) . ( Regina Vollmeyer * , Falko Rheinberg, 2000 ) .In respect to decision and recommendationSUMMERY: AThe purpose of this assignment was to reexamine a equal reviewed journal article that is research based, and is representative of one of the research methodologies we discussed in category ( administer the questionnaire for measuring the merely two concept motive and academic public presentation. The format of the article has the visual aspect of a thesis because it has many of the same constituents. It starts with an abstract that discusses the chief points of the research and the consequences. After reading the article, I found that the abstract failed to advert the other grounds that affect the public presentation except motive of pupil that the research was based on. The research methodological analysis used in this survey was studies analyzed in a quantitative design. More peculiarly, merely one study instruments was introduced in the article, and merely it was used. It was a questionnaire which was designed and developed by Neil ( 2004 ) step pupil ‘s motive and it was called â€Å" The University Student Motivation and Satisfaction Questionnaire version 2 † ( TUSMSQ2 ) .It was an instrument contains 30-items. The inquiries measure both Intrinsic and Extrinsic motive of pupils and one the job is that variable which was analysed in this paper merely concentrate on internal and external characteristic of motive.

Essay on Managerial Ethics - 1603 Words

Managerial Ethics In today’s fast paced business world many managers face tough decisions when walking the thin line between what’s legal and what’s socially unacceptable. It is becoming more and more important for organisations to consider many more factors, especially ethically, other than maximising profits in order to be more competitive or even survive in today’s business arena. The first part of this essay will discuss managerial ethics[1] and the relevant concepts and theories that affect ethical decision making, such as the Utilitarian, Individualism, Moral rights approach theories, the social responsibility of organisations to stakeholders and their responses to social demands, with specific reference to a case study presenting†¦show more content†¦It is not illegal to sell solvents to young people, but is it ethical to do so when you as the manager/owner knew they where causing harm? Managers guide their ethical decision making using different approaches based on the norms and values. In this case, we can identify that the Mr Meek has been pursuing the Moral rights approach â€Å"which asserts that human beings have rights that cannot be taken away by anyone’s decision† (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.160). From a different aspect, the policeman Senior Sergeant Tony Bouchier, acting from the general legal environment perspective, has started a campaign concentrating community pressure to force Mr Meek to stop selling the solvents, is forcing the Individualism approach which is â€Å"asserting that acts are moral when they promote each individuals best long-term interests†, which are each of the children, the community, Mr Meek’s better garage reputation, â€Å"which ultimately leads to the greater good† (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.160). Different factors affect ethical decisions. 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